Human Brain Diagram Class 10 in 3D: Parts, Functions and How to Draw It

The human brain diagram for Class 10 shows three regions, fore-brain, mid-brain and hind-brain, and the exam expects you to label the cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla and say what each one does. A 3D model makes the diagram far easier to understand, because the flat side view in the textbook hides how the cerebellum tucks under the cerebrum and how the brain stem runs down into the spinal cord.

This guide follows NCERT Class 10 Science, Chapter 6, Control and Coordination. It covers each labelled part and its function, what the 3D view adds, how to draw the diagram cleanly in the exam, and the errors examiners see most often.

What NCERT Class 10 Says About the Brain

Chapter 6 introduces the brain as the main coordinating centre of the body. Together with the spinal cord it forms the central nervous system, and it talks to the rest of the body through the peripheral nervous system: cranial nerves from the brain and spinal nerves from the spinal cord.

The textbook then divides the brain into three regions and asks you to study the labelled diagram (Figure 6.3). The in-text questions that follow are classic exam material: which part of the brain maintains posture and equilibrium, and what is the role of the brain in reflex action.

Fact check: The adult human brain weighs about 1.5 kg and contains roughly 86 billion neurons and 85 billion non-neuronal cells, with the cerebral cortex making up about 80 percent of brain mass. Source: Herculano-Houzel, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (2009)

The Labelled Parts and What Each One Does

Region	Part you label	Function to write in the exam
Fore-brain	Cerebrum	The main thinking part. Separate areas receive sensory impulses for hearing, smell and sight; association areas interpret them; motor areas send instructions to voluntary muscles. A centre here also produces the sensation of feeling full after eating.
Mid-brain	Mid-brain	Works with the hind-brain to control many involuntary actions, and links the fore-brain to the hind-brain.
Hind-brain	Cerebellum	Precision of voluntary actions and maintaining posture and balance: walking in a straight line, riding a bicycle, picking up a pencil.
Hind-brain	Pons	Part of the brain stem between the mid-brain and the medulla; relays signals between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.
Hind-brain	Medulla	Controls involuntary actions including blood pressure, salivation and vomiting. Continues down as the spinal cord.

Two points students often miss when explaining the diagram:

Involuntary does not mean reflex. Breathing, heartbeat and digestion are involuntary actions run by the mid-brain and hind-brain. A reflex action, such as pulling your hand off a hot pan, is handled by a reflex arc through the spinal cord. The textbook's question about the brain's role in reflex action is checking exactly this distinction.
The fore-brain has sensory, association and motor areas. An answer that says only "the cerebrum controls thinking" earns partial marks. Name all three kinds of area.

How the brain is protected

The chapter also asks how such a delicate organ is kept safe. The brain sits inside a bony box, the skull, and inside that it floats in a fluid-filled covering that absorbs shocks. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column. A one-line answer naming both the skull and the fluid cushion is usually enough for full marks.

What the 3D View Adds

A textbook diagram is a single slice from the side. Three things become obvious the moment you rotate a 3D model that are invisible on paper:

The cerebrum wraps over everything. From above, the two hemispheres cover the mid-brain completely. Students who have only seen the side view often draw the cerebellum beside the cerebrum instead of tucked beneath its rear.
The brain stem is a continuous column. Mid-brain, pons and medulla stack vertically and flow straight into the spinal cord. Once you have seen that stack, you stop drawing the medulla as a separate blob.
The cerebellum has its own folded surface. Its fine ridges look nothing like the broad folds of the cerebrum, which is why it is drawn with tighter lines in a good diagram.

Rotate the model, hide the cerebrum, look at the brain stem alone, then put the layers back. Five minutes of that fixes the spatial picture that students spend hours trying to memorise from a flat drawing.

Where 3D Does Not Help

Be clear about the limits before you rely on a model.

You still draw by hand in the exam. No 3D model teaches your pencil the proportions. After exploring, close the laptop and draw the side view from memory at least five times.
Label names and functions must be memorised. The model shows where the medulla is. It does not make you remember that it controls blood pressure, salivation and vomiting. Write the table above out by hand.
The textbook diagram is the reference. Examiners mark against the NCERT figure. A beautifully shaded 3D-style sketch with labels in unusual places will lose marks that a plain, correctly labelled side view would earn.

How to Draw the Class 10 Brain Diagram

Start with the outline. A rounded shape, flat at the bottom front, with a short tail at the lower back for the brain stem.
Draw the cerebrum. It fills the top two-thirds. Add a few broad folds, not a maze.
Add the cerebellum. A smaller oval under the back of the cerebrum, with tight parallel lines.
Draw the brain stem. Mid-brain just below the centre, pons as a bulge beneath it, medulla narrowing into the spinal cord.
Label with straight lines. Fore-brain, cerebrum, mid-brain, hind-brain, cerebellum, pons, medulla, spinal cord. Lines must not cross.
Give it a title. "Human brain" underneath, as in the textbook.

Pencil only, labels on the right side where possible, and leave enough space that the words do not crowd the drawing.

Common Mistakes That Cost Marks

Placing the cerebellum beside the cerebrum instead of below and behind it.
Labelling the medulla as "spinal cord" or leaving the spinal cord off entirely.
Writing "controls involuntary actions" against the cerebrum instead of the medulla.
Giving the cerebellum "thinking" and the cerebrum "balance". Swapped functions are the single most common error.
Crossing label lines or writing labels inside the drawing.

If you can see the brain from the side, from above and from below in 3D, the first two mistakes disappear on their own. The rest are memorisation, and the table above is the fix.

How VidyaXR Fits

VidyaXR is a browser-based 3D learning platform for NCERT and CBSE science, built for Indian students on ordinary phones and laptops.

Human anatomy in 3D for Class 10. Rotate, zoom and peel back organ models in the browser, then switch to the side view to match the textbook figure. The virtual human anatomy 3D guide shows how the models work.
Covers the rest of the Class 10 biology diagrams too. The heart, the eye and the life processes diagrams are in the same library. See the guides to CBSE Class 10 biology 3D diagrams and the human eye and colourful world in 3D.
No headset needed. It runs in any browser, with a free 14-day trial and no credit card.

Free Resources for the Brain Diagram

NCERT textbook. Chapter 6, Control and Coordination, is the reference your examiner uses. Study Figure 6.3 and answer the in-text questions that follow section 6.1.
DIKSHA. DIKSHA hosts NCERT-aligned video explanations you can reach from the QR codes printed in the chapter.
OLabs. The Online Labs project funded by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology covers Class 10 biology practicals; its site was intermittently unavailable when this guide was written, so search for "OLabs Class 10 biology" if the link is down.

The brain works with the spinal cord in reflexes; see the reflex arc 3D model and animation. For the sense organ that feeds it sound, read the human ear diagram in 3D.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the three main parts of the human brain for Class 10?

The fore-brain, the mid-brain and the hind-brain. The fore-brain contains the cerebrum, the thinking part. The hind-brain contains the cerebellum, pons and medulla.

Which part of the brain maintains posture and balance?

The cerebellum, in the hind-brain. It is also responsible for the precision of voluntary actions such as writing or riding a bicycle.

Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions like blood pressure and salivation?

The medulla, in the hind-brain. The mid-brain and hind-brain together handle most involuntary actions.

How is the human brain protected?

It sits inside the skull, a bony box, and within that it is held in a fluid-filled covering that absorbs shocks. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column.

Does a 3D model help with drawing the brain diagram in the exam?

It helps you understand where each part sits, which removes the most common placement errors. You must still practise drawing the NCERT side view by hand, because that is what the exam asks for.

Conclusion

The Class 10 brain diagram is three regions, five labelled parts and a handful of functions. The hard part is holding the spatial picture in your head, and that is exactly what a 3D model fixes in minutes. Explore it, then draw the textbook view by hand until it is automatic, and learn the function table word for word.

Explore the human brain in 3D. Try VidyaXR free for 14 days. No credit card, no headset needed.